Controlled Burn TNC uses controlled burning to improve the health and resilience of longleaf pine forests. © Kyle LaFerriere
Listen to This Story
Hear from Sophia Torres (or read the story below) and her journey to getting her Wildland Firefighter certification.
Sophia tells the story of her fire journey from the first moment she heard about controlled burning to getting her certification.
I’ve learned many strange things in my three years working at TNC—from fish that poop through their mouths to carnivorous plants that can count. But the strangest one for me was this: We set forests on fire on purpose.
While growing up in Ecuador, I learned that fires are catastrophic and people who set forests on fire go to jail. I couldn’t wrap my head around how burning could possibly be good for the environment.
My first field visit when I joined the chapter was to TNC’s beautiful Green Swamp Preserve. The blackened longleaf trunks there indicated that the site had burned recently, yet everything around them looked vibrant and alive. I went home battling with this new idea that fire is a natural, necessary part of a healthy ecosystem.
My First Look at a Controlled Burn
A few months later, I was invited to observe a controlled burn so I could better communicate about fire’s role in restoration. On February 17, 2024, I got the text: weather conditions were perfect. I put on my PPE (personal protection equipment) and headed from Raleigh to the Sandhills with absolutely no idea what I was walking into. When I arrived, the fire crew began briefing and everyone took notes as the fire boss talked through weather, wind shifts and assignments. Everything was new, and I started wondering what I was doing there. But all I really needed to know was that I was following Sandhills Conservation Coordinator Rhonda Sturgill, who already had more than 15 years of experience.
Everyone on the crew has a role. They move with purpose, stay aware and communicate constantly. This was a first-entry burn at TNC’s Griffin Preserve, which means the area has not had a controlled burn before. The main goal was to clear the hardwoods that were dominating the groundcover. I was following Rhonda when the fire boss approached and asked if I wanted to burn—with Rhonda’s close supervision, of course. I said yes. I wanted the full experience.
My first task was to light straight lines, five feet apart. The drip torch was heavier than I expected. I was scared of tilting it too much as I slowly lit my first fire and started walking. The heat warmed me…I heard the crackling wood, smelled the pine needles burning and watched the smoke rise. It was strangely relaxing and exhilarating at the same time.
I looked at the lines I’d made as the wind pulled the fire into the unit, where it met the fire dots the crew inside had lit. Everything came together and burned for a while, and as the longleaf pine needles and leaf litter were consumed, the fire simply stopped. All I could see was the black forest floor. Wow. I only knew of wildfires that lasted days and couldn’t be put out—certainly not fire that politely extinguished itself...I was hooked. I really liked getting my hands dirty and being part of the restoration work I only communicated about.
Listen to a Controlled Burn
Listen to the crackling wood and our fire crews in constant communication during a controlled burn.
Sound of flames and crackling wood, with intermittent radio communication between fire crew members.
Starting My Wildland Firefighter Certification
I started my Wildland Firefighter certification that requires 40 hours of online coursework, a field day and a fitness test. I took the online courses, which covered safety, the fire triangle and fuel types, over the course of a year. It took another six months to convince myself I could pass the fitness test, known as “the pack test.” There are two options: the strenuous one—three miles under 45 minutes carrying 45 pounds—or the moderate one—two miles under 30 minutes carrying 25 pounds. Luckily, I only needed to pass the latter.
In November 2025, I was alerted to a fitness test scheduled for January, which gave me two months to prepare. Without overthinking it, I signed up.
I practiced around my neighborhood using a 20-pound fire pack. My first try was 38 minutes, but two days before the test, I was down to 27 minutes.
When test day arrived, I headed to Weymouth Woods, where fire crew members from TNC, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and the U.S. Forest Service gathered for the refresher training. The team shared lessons from past burns, learned about new technology and practiced fire shelter deployments. At the end of the day, it was time for the pack test.
Everyone grabbed their weighted vests, and the five extra pounds really did make a difference. We lined up on the trail, and staff waited at checkpoints to cheer everyone on. I kept telling myself, just two laps, as everyone started passing me. Luckily, my colleague Jeff Marcus helped me keep pace, checked over his shoulder with a smile and kept track of the time. Jeff and I finished in 29 minutes, and I couldn’t believe I did it.
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Field Day: Putting My Training Into Practice
My final requirement was a field day with the team, and I couldn’t have imagined a better way to finish this journey than by spending it with the person who started it all—Rhonda. She volunteered to teach me and guided me through the field day, which was different from what I expected. Just the day before, the team had helped the NC Forest Service contain a wildfire that originated on private property and spread before being contained at TNC’s Calloway Forest Preserve. When the fire reached areas that had already burned, it lacked the fuel to continue spreading. It was a powerful, real‑world example of how controlled burns reduce wildfire risk.
After every burn, the crew conducts “mop up,” which involves walking the unit to find any remaining heat, flame or smoke and extinguishing it with hand tools, sand or water. It was tough and physically demanding, but I learned so much about everything “mop up” entails.
After going through this entire process, I have even more admiration for fire crew members. They establish clear goals and work cohesively to achieve them. There’s no competition—just a genuine desire to learn, support one another and grow their skills together. Experiencing this firsthand has been a challenging but incredible opportunity, and I’m deeply grateful to everyone who inspired me and helped me along the way.