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Atmospheric Deposition: Mercury 101
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| The Nature Conservancy of New York |
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322 Eighth Ave, 16th Floor |
| BioDiversity Research Institute |
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19 Flaggy Meadow Road |
What is mercury and where does it come from?
Mercury is an element found in rocks in the earth's crust. Through mining and industrial processes, mercury is brought to the surface and then used in manufacturing, electricity generation, and consumer products. Eventually, the mercury is emitted into the air or discharged into the water as a byproduct of combustion or improper waste disposal. Once in the air and water, mercury presents a threat to ecological and human health.
Why is mercury a threat to fish, wildlife, and people?
After mercury is emitted from a smokestack, it travels through the atmosphere, and is deposited on land and in water. There, it is consumed by organisms and makes its way through the food chain. Birds are particularly at risk for mercury poisoning because so many species consume mercury-laden fish. They are also long-lived organisms and therefore accumulate mercury in their bodies over a long period of time. Past research tells us that mercury can have adverse effects on individual birds was well as the population as a whole through changes in behavior, reproduction, and body chemistry.
What are some of the effects mercury has on birds?
As blood mercury levels increase in birds, the animals exhibit changes in reproductive, behavioral, neurological, and physiological functions that can prove detrimental to their survival. Animals with elevated mercury levels tend to demonstrate lower reproductive success. Fewer eggs are produced, and those that are produced often do not hatch. Affected animals tend to demonstrate difficulty flying and walking, and show a progressive weakness in their wings and legs.
Which birds are threatened by mercury in their environment?
The use of aquatic birds as indicators for mercury contamination has been a common practice for years. The common loon, a large, long-lived species that lives almost entirely on fish and tends to nest on nutrient poor lakes, is one of the best indicator species for mercury contamination. But scientists have discovered that both fish and insect-eating birds of the Northeastern forests seem to be at risk. One of the most significant discoveries made in studying mercury across the landscape is that mountain dwelling songbirds (insectivores) appear to be affected as well.
How Can I Help?
Help us protect New York's Forests! Donate online now, or contact The Nature Conservancy office nearest you.
