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Explore by Habitat

Every habitat on the planet is home to a unique complex of species. Learn more about the animals that live in:

Often found in open fields and along roadsides, the dozens of species of goldenrod bear distinctive clusters of bright yellow flowers from late summer through autumn. Contrary to popular opinion, the plant does not cause hay fever, its pollen too dense to travel in the air. Its erect stems stand 2 to 7 feet tall, but the small flowers measure only around 1/4 of an inch across. The brilliant blossoms attract color-sensitive insects like bees and butterflies, which pollinate the plants. In addition to dispersing seeds, most species propagate by a spreading root system. Some species develop lumps on the stems called “galls.” Galls are bulges formed by specialized larval parasites that dwell inside the plant. These specialized parasites often have specialized predators that seek out galls to extract the hidden larvae.

Solidago is a Latin work meaning “to make whole,” an allusion to the healing properties attributed to goldenrod. Historically used topically for anti-inflammatory and antiseptic purposes, today it is mostly used as a diuretic, which means that it promotes the loss of water from the body. It is often used in Europe for urinary tract inflammations and the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.

Nature picture credits (left to right): White-tailed doe in goldenrod field © Michael and Michelle West; Butterfly © Constance McGuire.