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Maarten Kappelle
© M. Kappelle-Juarez
 

Conservation Science - Conservation and Science - Conservation Science at The Nature Conservancy

People 

Maarten Kappelle, Ph.D.
Regional Science Director for the Meso-American and Caribbean Region (Mexico, Central America and the insular Caribbean)

Contact Information
The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
Apartado 230 -1225
San José
Costa Rica
Phone: (011) (506) 2520-8000
Fax: (011) (506) 2520-8001
E-mail: mkappelle@tnc.org

Brief Biography
Maarten, born in Amsterdam and a citizen of the Netherlands, received his M.Sc. in biology (1988) and his Ph.D. in tropical ecology (1995) from the University of Amsterdam. Since 2005 he is responsible for directing The Nature Conservancy’s Regional Science Program in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean (known as MAC Region). Before taking on this position, Maarten served as the Conservancy’s Science Director for Central America (2003-2004). In 2006 the University of Tennessee in Knoxville granted him the honorary appointment of Adjunct Associate Professor in Geography.
 
The biodiversity research, education and conservation work Maarten has conducted since 1985 has mostly been done in Latin America, especially in Costa Rica. In the past, he has held research associate, postdoc, and academic lecturing positions at the Netherlands’ universities of Amsterdam (1995-1997), Leiden (1997) and Utrecht (2002-2003) as well as in Costa Rica (National University, Heredia, 1988-1991; INBio, 1998-2002) and Mexico (UNAM, 1990). In 2003 he acted as the Netherlands' national node manager of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
 
From 1998 to 2002 Maarten led the GIS-based ECOMAPAS Project, a joint capacity building effort in ecosystem mapping covering several of Costa Rica’s key conservation areas: the Osa/Corcovado and Amistad/Chirripó areas, among others. This project was implemented by Costa Rica's National Biodiversity Institute (INBio) and National System of Protected Areas (SINAC-MINAE) and funded by the Netherlands Ministry of Development Cooperation (DGIS) through the Netherlands Embassy in Costa Rica.
 
Maarten is well known for his extensive experience in plant community ecology, landscape ecology, ecosystem classification and mapping, and conservation biogeography of tropical montane cloud forests, tropical highland oak forests, and tropical alpine paramo grasslands. He has published eight books, several of which deal with these ecosystems, in English and Spanish language. Also, he has published over 100 articles in journal papers, edited books, magazines and newsletters. In 2008 he published an illustrated, Spanish-language dictionary on over 6,500 biodiversity terms (INBio publisher). He has given over 90 oral presentations (including conferences and key note lectures) at international science congresses, symposia, and workshops in some 20+ countries.
 
Since 2001 Maarten is a member of the World Conservation Union’s (IUCN) Commission on Ecosystem Management (CEM). In 2001 he contributed to the scientific and technical design of the Subglobal Assessment of the UN-endorsed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA). In the 1990s he served as a member of UNESCO’s International Committee on the Terminology of Neotropical Phytoecology. He also serves on the editorial boards of the International Journal for Tropical Biology (Revista de Biologia Tropical, Costa Rica), and IUCN-Netherlands’ magazine, Ecology and Development. Since 2007 Maarten serves on the Executive Committee of the Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network (IABIN), a program administered by the Organization of American States (OAS) and funded through the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Within The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Maarten serves on the organization’s Science Leadership Team (SLT).
 
Maarten is married, has two children, and lives with his family in Costa Rica.
Education
1988:  MSc in Biology, University of Amsterdam.
1995:  PhD in Tropical Ecology, University of Amsterdam. Thesis published as book.
Selected Publications
1. Books
Kappelle, M. 1995. Ecology of Mature and Recovering Talamancan Montane Quercus Forests, Costa Rica. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Amsterdam. The Netherlands. 273 pp.
 
Kappelle, M. 1996. Los Bosques de Roble (Quercus) de la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica: Biodiversidad, Ecología, Conservación y Desarrollo. Universidad de Amsterdam (UvA) & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio). Amsterdam - Santo Domingo de Heredia. 336 pp.
 
Kappelle, M. & A.D. Brown, eds. 2001. Bosques Nublados del Neotrópico. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Fundación Agroforestal del Noroeste de Argentina (FUA), World Conservation Union (IUCN), University of Amsterdam (IBED-UvA), Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecológicas los Yungas de Argentina (LIEY). INBio Press. Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. 698 pp.
 
Kappelle, M., M. Castro, H. Acevedo, L. González, & H. Monge. 2003. Ecosystems of the Osa Conservation Area, Costa Rica / Ecosistemas del Área de Conservación Osa, Costa Rica. Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía (MINAE), Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) & Cooperación Holandesa (DGIS). Bilingual edition. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. 496 pp.
 
Kappelle, M. & S.P. Horn, eds. 2005. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. 767 pp.
 
Kappelle, M., ed. 2006. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer. Berlin – Heidelberg – New York. 483 pp.
 
Kappelle, M. 2008. Biodiversity of the oak forests of tropical America / Biodiversidad de los bosques de roble (encino) de la América tropical. Bilingual edition. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. 336 pp.

Kappelle, M. 2008. Diccionario de la Biodiversidad. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Santo Domingo de Heredia. 385 pp. Also available at: www.inbio.ac.cr/biodiccionario/ 
2. Articles and Book Chapters
Kappelle, M., A.M. Cleef & A. Chaverri. 1989. Phytosociology of montane Chusquea-Quercus forests, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Brenesia 32: 73-105.
 
Kappelle, M., A.M. Cleef & A. Chaverri. 1992. Phytogeography of Talamanca montane Quercus forests, Costa Rica. Journal of Biogeography 19 (3): 299-315.
 
Kappelle, M. 1992. Structural and floristic differences between wet Atlantic and moist Pacific montane Myrsine - Quercus forests in Costa Rica. Pp. 61-70. in: H. Balslev and J.L. Luteyn, eds., Páramo: An Andean ecosystem under human influence. Academic Press. London.
 
Hooghiemstra, H., A.M. Cleef, G. Noldus & M. Kappelle. 1992. Upper Quaternary vegetation dynamics and palaeoclimatology of the La Chonta bog area (Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica). Journal of Quaternary Science 7 (3): 205-225.
 
Kappelle, M. 1994. Secondary succession in a tropical montane cloud forest in Costa Rica. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 43 (4): 396.
 
Kappelle, M. & M.E. Juárez. 1994. The Los Santos Forest Reserve: A bufferzone vital for the Costa Rican La Amistad Biosphere Reserve. Environmental Conservation 21(2): 166- 169.
 
Kappelle, M., H.P. van Velzen & W.H. Wijtzes. 1994. Plant communities of montane secondary vegetation in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Phytocoenologia 22 (4): 449-484.
 
Kappelle, M. & M.E. Juárez. 1995. Agroecological zonation along an altitudinal gradient in the montane belt of the Los Santos Forest Reserve in Costa Rica. Mountain Research & Development 15 (1): 19-37.
 
Kappelle, M. & N. Zamora. 1995. Changes in woody species richness along an altitudinal gradient in Talamancan montane Quercus forests, Costa Rica. Pp. 135-148 in: S.P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero & J.L. Luteyn, eds., Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests. The New York
Botanical Garden. Bronx, New York.
 
Kappelle, M., P.A.F. Kennis & R.A.J. de Vries. 1995. Changes in diversity along a successional gradient in a Costa Rican upper montane Quercus forest. Biodiversity and Conservation 4: 10-34.
 
Kappelle, M., J.G. van Uffelen & A.M. Cleef. 1995. Altitudinal zonation of montane Quercus forests along two transects in the Chirripó National Park, Costa Rica. Vegetatio 119: 119-153.
 
Bongers, F., P.-M. Forget, M. Kappelle, J.J Kessler & D.M. Newbery. 1995. Natural regeneration of natural and semi-natural forest ecosystems. ETFRN News 14: 12-18.

Kappelle, M. 1996. Un bosque tropical montano nuboso: El robledal de altura en Costa Rica. Revista Forestal Centroamericana 17: 18-23.
 
Kappelle, M. & M.E. Leal. 1996. Changes in leaf morphology and foliar nutrient status along a successional gradient in a Costa Rican upper montane Quercus forest. Biotropica 28(2): 331-344.
 
Kappelle, M., T. Geuze, M. Leal & A.M. Cleef. 1996. Successional age and forest structure in a Costa Rican upper montane Quercus forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 12: 681-698.
 
Kappelle, M. 1997. Neotrópico. In: O. Huber & R. Riina, eds., Glosario Fitoecológico de las Américas. Vol. 1. América del Sur: Países Hispanoparlantes. Fundación Instituto Botáncio de Venezuela (FIBV) & UNESCO. FIBV, Caracas. 500 pp.

Kappelle, M. & M.E. Juárez. 1997. Land use changes directed towards sustainable development in the Los Santos Forest Reserve, Costa Rica. The George Wright Forum 14(3): 44-53.
 
Kappelle, M. 1998. Spatio-Temporal Changes in Biodiversity along Ecological Gradients: Integrating the Socio-economic Dimension, The Case of Costa Rica’s Montane Cloud Forests. In: H. Dalitz, M. Haverkamp, J. Homeier & S.-W. Breckle, eds., Kurzbeiträge zur Tropenökologie. Universität Bielefeld.
Bielefeld, Germany.
 
Kappelle, M. & J.J.A.M. Wilms. 1998. Seed dispersal by birds and successional change in a tropical montane cloud forest. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 47: 155-156.
 
Van den Bergh, M.B. & M. Kappelle. 1998. Diversity and distribution of small terrestrial rodents along a disturbance gradient in montane Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical 46(2): 331-338.
 
Van Dunné, H.J.F. & M. Kappelle. 1998. Biomass-diversity relations of epiphytic bryophytes on small Quercus copeyensis stems in a Costa Rican montane cloud forest. Revista de Biología Tropical 46(2): 35-42.
 
Holl, K. D. & M. Kappelle. 1999. Tropical forest recovery and restoration.Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14 (10): 378-379.
 
Kappelle, M., M.M.I. van Vuuren & P. Baas. 1999. Effects of climate change on biodiversity: a review and identification of key research issues. Biodiversity and Conservation 8: 1383-1397.
 
Kappelle, M., A.D. Brown, P. Bubb & L. Hamilton. 1999. Taller "Selvas de Montaña". Pp. 31-33 in F. Sarmiento & J. Hidalgo, eds., III Simposio Internacional de Desarrollo Sustentable de Montañas: Entendiendo las Interfaces Ecológicas para la Gestión de los Paisajes Culturales en los
Andes. Andean Mountain Association - CEPEIGE & The University of Georgia / CLACS. Editorial CEPEIGE. Quito.
 
Kappelle, M., L. van Omme, M. Juárez & A. Cleef. 1999. Colonización, deforestación, protección y recuperación del bosque montano nuboso en la Reserva Forestal Los Santos, Costa Rica. Pp. 199-207 in F. Sarmiento & J. Hidalgo, eds., III Simposio Internacional de Desarrollo Sustentable de
Montañas: Entendiendo las Interfaces Ecológicas para la Gestión de los Paisajes Culturales en los Andes. Andean Mountain Association - CEPEIGE & The University of Georgia / CLACS. Editorial CEPEIGE. Quito.
 
Kappelle, M., M. Castro & R. García. 1999. Mapping Costa Rica’s Biodiversity: The ECOMAPAS Project. Mountain Protected Areas Update (World Commission on Protected Areas/IUCN) (March 1999): 5-6.
 
Kappelle, M. 2000. Criteria, indicators and tools for monitoring ecosystem health. Environmental Conservation 27(1): 82-85.
 
Kappelle, M., E. van Omme & M.E. Juárez. 2000. Lista de la flora vascular terrestre de la cuenca superior del Río Savegre, San Gerardo de Dota, Costa Rica. Acta Botanica Mexicana 51: 1-38.
 
Kappelle, M., G. Avertin, M.E. Juárez & N. Zamora. 2000. Useful plants within a campesino community in a Costa Rican montane cloud forest. Mountain Research and Development 20(2): 162-171.
 
Kappelle, M. & M.E. Juárez. 2000. Mountain forests, biodiversity and people in Costa Rica. Pp. 38-46. In: M. Price & N. Butt, eds., Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development: A State of Knowledge Report for 2000. IUFRO Research Series 5. CABI Publishing. Oxon, UK.
 
Castro, M.V. & M. Kappelle. 2000. Mapping and monitoring mountain development in Costa Rica. Pp. 12-13. In: M. Price & N. Butt, eds., Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development: A State of Knowledge Report for 2000. IUFRO Research Series 5. CABI Publishing. Oxon, UK.
 
Oosterhoorn, M. & M. Kappelle. 2000. Vegetation structure and composition along an interior-edge-exterior gradient in a Costa Rican montane cloud forest. Forest Ecology & Management 126: 291-307.
 
Kappelle, M. 2001. Bosques Nublados de Costa Rica. Pp. 301-370. In: M. Kappelle & A.D. Brown, eds. Bosques Nublados del Neotrópico. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Fundación Agroforestal del Noroeste de Argentina (FUA), World Conservation Union (IUCN), University of Amsterdam
(IBED-UvA), Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecológicas los Yungas de Argentina (LIEY). INBio Press. Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Brown, A.D. & Kappelle, M. 2001. Introducción a los Bosques Nublados. Pp. 25-40. In: M. Kappelle & A.D. Brown, eds. Bosques Nublados del Neotrópico. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Fundación Agroforestal del Noroeste de Argentina (FUA), World Conservation Union (IUCN), University of Amsterdam (IBED-UvA), Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecológicas los Yungas de Argentina (LIEY). INBio Press. Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Kappelle, M. 2002. La conservación de las montañas centroamericanas. Pp. 142 (Errata) and 616. In: F. Sarmiento, ed. Montañas del Mundo: Una Prioridad Global con Perspectivas Latinoamericanas. Ediciones Abya-Yala. Quito.
 
Holz, I., S.R. Gradstein, J. Heinrichs & M. Kappelle. 2002. Bryophyte diversity, microhabitat differentiation and distribution of life forms in Costa Rican upper montane Quercus forest. The Bryologist 105(3): 334-348.
 
Marchant, R.A., Almeida, L., Behling, H., Berrio. J.C., Bush, M., Cleef, A., Duivenvoorden, J., Kappelle, M., de Oliveira, de Oliveira-Filho, A.T., Lozano-García, M.S., Hooghiemstra, H., Ledru, M.-P., Ludlow-Wiechers, B., Markgraf, V., Mancini, V., Paez, M., Prieto, A., Rangel, O. & Salgado-Labouriau, M.L. 2002. Distribution and ecology of parent taxa of pollen lodged  within the Latin American Pollen Database. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology 121: 1-75.
 
Kappelle, M., M. Castro, H. Acevedo, P. Cordero, L. González, E. Méndez & H. Monge. 2003. A rapid method in ecosystem mapping and monitoring as a tool for managing Costa Rican ecosystem health. Pp. 449-458. In: D.J. Rapport, W.L. Lasley, D.E. Rolston, N.O. Nielsen, C.O. Qualset, and A.B. Damania, editors. 2002. Managing for Healthy Ecosystems. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton FL.
 
Hölscher, D., L. Köhler, C. Leuschner & M. Kappelle. 2003. Nutrient fluxes in stemflow and throughfall in three successional stages of an upper montane rain forest in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology 19: 1-10.
 
Kappelle, M. 2003. Páramos de Costa Rica. Pp. 87- 89 In: R. Hofstede, P. Segarra & P. Mena V., eds. Los Páramos del Mundo. IUCN – Global Peatland Initiative – EcoCiencia. Quito.
 
Kappelle, M. 2003. América Central. Pp. 390-391. In: O. Huber & R. Riina, eds., Glosario Fitoecológico de las Américas. Vol. 2. México, América Central e Islas del Caribe: países hispanoparlantes. Ediciones UNESCO / Ediciones COROLAB HUMBOLDT. Paris.
 
Kappelle, M. 2003. Neotrópico. Pp. 369-370. In: O. Huber & R. Riina, eds., Glosario Fitoecológico de las Américas. Vol. 2. México, América Central e Islas del Caribe: países hispanoparlantes. Ediciones UNESCO / Ediciones COROLAB HUMBOLDT. Paris.
 
Almeida, L., J. Giménez de Azcárte, L.D. Gómez, O. Huber, M. Kappelle, E. Manríquez, M. de J. Ordóñez Díaz, C.H. Ramos, R. Riina, P. Rodríguez, L. del C. Silva Pérez & C. Ulloa. 2003. Glosario Alfabético. Pp. 17-366. In: O. Huber & R. Riina, eds., Glosario Fitoecológico de las Américas. Vol. 2. México, América Central e Islas del Caribe: países hispanoparlantes. Ediciones UNESCO / Ediciones COROLAB HUMBOLDT. Paris.
 
Kappelle, M. & A.M. Cleef. 2003. Memorias acerca de una científica en el páramo costarricense: Adelaida Chaverri-Polini (21 de mayo del 1947 – 20 de setiembre del 2003). Brenesia 59-60: 3-5.
 
Kappelle, M. & A.M. Cleef. 2004. In memoriam: Adelaida Chaverri-Polini, May 21, 1947 – September 20, 2003. International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation (Revista de Biología Tropical) 52(1): XIII-XVI.
 
Kappelle, M. & A.M. Cleef. 2004. Adelaida Chaverri: ecóloga de tierras altas, conservacionista genuina. Manejo Integrado de Plagas y Agroecología (Costa Rica) 73:1-7.
 
Kappelle, M. 2004. Tropical Montane Forests. Pp. 1782-1793. In: J. Burley, J. Evans & J.A.  Youngquist, eds. Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences. Vol. 4.  Elsevier. Oxford, UK.
 
Kappelle, M. 2005. Hacia una breve definición del concepto “páramo”. Pp. 29-36. In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Kappelle, M. 2005. Tardígrados de los páramos de Costa Rica. Pp. 489-491 In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Kappelle, M. 2005. Insectos de los páramos de Costa Rica. Pp. 493-499. In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Kappelle, M. 2005. Bosques enanos subalpinos de Costa Rica. Pp. 593-605. In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Kappelle, M. & J. Savage. 2005. Anfíbios y reptiles de los páramos de Costa Rica. Pp. 513-519. In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Kappelle, M. & J.-G. van Uffelen. 2005. Los suelos de los páramos de Costa Rica. Pp. 147-159. In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Kappelle, M., K.A. Haberyan & S.P Horn. 2005. Algas fósiles y recientes de los páramos de Costa Rica. Pp. 331-341. In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Kappelle, M., M. Castro, A. Garita, L. González & H. Monge. 2005. Ecosistemas de los páramos del Área de Conservación La Amistad Pacífico en Costa Rica. Pp. 549-575. In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Brak, B., M. Vroklage, M. Kappelle  & A.M. Cleef. 2005. Comunidades vegetales de la Turbera de La Chonta en Costa Rica. Pp. 607-629. In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
 
Islebe, G.A. & M. Kappelle. 2005. Comparación fitogeográfica entre los bosques subalpinos de Guatemala y Costa Rica. Pp. 305-319. In: M. Kappelle & S.P. Horn, eds. Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) – The Nature Conservancy (TNC) – WOTRO Foundation. INBio Press, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica
 
Kappelle, M. 2006a. Structure and composition of Costa Rican montane oak forests. Pp. 127-139. In: M. Kappelle, ed. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer Verlag. New York – Berlin – Heidelberg.
 
Kappelle, M. 2006b. Changes in diversity and structure along a successional gradient in a Costa Rican montane oak forest. Pp. 223-233. In: M. Kappelle, ed. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer Verlag. New York – Berlin – Heidelberg.
 
Kappelle, M. 2006c. Neotropical montane oak forests: overview and outlook. Pp. 449-467 In: M. Kappelle, ed. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer Verlag. New York – Berlin – Heidelberg.
 
Kappelle, M. & M.E. Juárez. 2006. Land use, ethnobotany and conservation in Costa Rican montane oak forests. Pp. 393-406. In: M. Kappelle, ed. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer Verlag. New York – Berlin – Heidelberg.
 
Kappelle, M. & J.G. van Uffelen. 2006. Montane oak forest distribution along temperature, humidity and soil gradients in Costa Rica. Pp. 39-54. In: M. Kappelle, ed. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer Verlag. New York – Berlin – Heidelberg.
 
Groot, T.V.M., M. Stift, J.G.B. Oostermeijer, A.M. Cleef & M. Kappelle. 2006. Population structure of two understory plant species along an altitudinal gradient in Costa Rican montane oak forests. Pp. 191-206. In: M. Kappelle, ed. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer Verlag. New York – Berlin – Heidelberg.
 
Ten Hoopen, G.M. & M. Kappelle. 2006. Soil seed bank size and composition in disturbed and old growth montane oak forests in Costa Rica. Pp. 299-308. In: M. Kappelle, ed. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer Verlag. New York – Berlin – Heidelberg.
 
Van den Bergh, M. & M. Kappelle. 2006. Diversity and distribution of small terrestrial rodents in disturbed and old growth montane oak forests in Costa Rica. Pp. 337-345. In: M. Kappelle, ed. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer Verlag. New York – Berlin – Heidelberg.
 
Wilms, J.J.A.M. & M. Kappelle. 2006. Frugivorous birds and seed dispersal in disturbed and old growth montane oak forests in Costa Rica. Pp. 309-324. In: M. Kappelle, ed. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185. Springer Verlag. New York – Berlin – Heidelberg.
 
Gomes, L.G.L., V. Oostra, V. Nijman, A.M. Cleef, M. Kappelle. 2008. Tolerance of frugivorous birds to habitat disturbance in a tropical cloud forest. Biological Conservation 141: 860-871.

Hölscher, D., L. Köhler, M. Kappelle & C. Leuschner. In Press. Ecology and use of old-growth and recovering montane oak forest in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Pp. …-… In: J. Juvik & L.A. Bruijnzeel, eds. Mountains in the Mist: Science for Conserving and Managing Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.