|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
Many factors have contributed to the profound loss of reefs around the world. These threats continue largely unabated today and include:
- Destructive fishing practices and overfishing that directly alter the physical structure of reefs and health of oyster populations.
- The increase, incidence and severity of disease and parasite outbreaks from many causes – in particular the translocation of shellfish and the introduction of non-native shellfish.
- Coastal development activities such as filling (“land reclamation”) and dredging of shipping channels.
- Upstream activities such as altered river flows, dams, poorly managed agriculture and urban development that impact the quality and quantity of water and sediment.
Nature picture credits (top to bottom, left to right): Photo © Jon Fajan (non-native oysters outcompete natives); Photo © Loren Coen (boat wakes can damage oyster reefs).
Join The Nature Conservancy on