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December 4, 2007 -- Thousands of delegates from every corner of the world have arrived this week in Bali to begin defining future efforts to reduce global warming. The message is clear, both from the public and from the International Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment Report: Without concrete action on climate change, people and the natural systems on which they depend will be devastated.
The report also tells us that cost-effect solutions are at hand, and the Stern report concludes that the costs of dealing with climate change effectively are several times less than the costs of ignoring it.
The international discussions on climate change that begin this week in Bali are fundamentally about starting a process to take further action at the international level, under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The Nature Conservancy therefore calls on the governments assembling in Bali to establish a clear path and negotiating process that will lead towards new, legally binding international commitments to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Where should that path lead us?
Deforestation contributes about 20 percent of global emissions. So reducing emissions from deforestation (REDD) must also be part of the global solution. If done right, REDD offers the prospect of
No matter how successful efforts to reduce emissions may be, the climate will warm and some impacts are inevitable. Preparing for those impacts through adaptation must go hand-in-hand with emissions reductions, particularly given the IPCC findings that the most severely affected will be some of the world’s poorest communities — those least able to cope on their own and those least responsible for the problem.
The natural systems on which we all depend — from coral reefs and mangroves to watersheds and forests — will also suffer from climate change. Conservation and sustainable natural-resource management strategies that maintain the health of natural systems will help people and nature adapt and should be built into adaptation policies and measures.
As we work to slow climate change and adjust to its impacts, we must also ensure efforts don’t unintentionally harm natural areas or socio-economic well-being — trading short-term climate-friendly solutions for long-term biodiversity-degrading or livelihood-diminishing problems.
Annual costs of adaptation will be in the tens of billions of dollars, according to Stern report estimates, greatly exceeding even the most optimistic scenarios for overseas development assistance. While development assistance should be significantly expanded and better targeted as part of the post-2012 agreement, incentive systems are needed to fill the remaining gap and generate private financial flows to developing countries to facilitate adaptation efforts.
At no other time have our choices about the climate been clearer or the path forward more apparent. Over the next two weeks, the world’s governments will choose what path to take. Let’s hope Bali agrees on a roadmap for greater international collaboration and real global solutions to the climate change challenge.
Nature picture credits (top to bottom, left to right): Photo © Leila Mead/IISD/ ENB (UN Climate Conference main hall); Photo © Erika Rychwalski (Andrew Deutz).