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The redlip parrotfish mostly lives in shallow water on coral reefs from east Africa to Hawaii, south to Australia. In the eastern pacific, it can be found in the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands. Its common name refers to the red around its mouth in the initial phase. Males are brightly colored, females somewhat more drab. However, females discontent with their somewhat plain coloration can turn into brightly colored males, though the biological process is rather more complex than wardrobe selection. Sex change usually happens around 13 years.
Living up to 20 years, the redlip parrotfish can grow as long as 2 feet, which feat it performs without a stomach, having only a very long intestine. It also has a “pharyngeal mill,” which consists of modified bones that grind and crush incidentally consumed rock and coral into sand. Its Hawaiian name, “uhu palukaluka,” which means “loose bowels parrotfish,” refers to the impressive jets of sand the fish expels from its anus. Parrotfish in general are significant producers of sand on coral reefs, contributing more than any other species of fish.
Nature picture credits (left to right): Photo © Tui De Roy / Minden Pictures(swimming over corals); Photo © Fred Bavendam / Minden Pictures (closeup).
